Power and Persuation Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Force and Persuation - Essay Example The representatives can improve their expectations for everyday comforts since their pay is expanded. Prize force builds the serious idea of the association and henceforth is a device towards battling rivalry. Prize force builds the odds of development in an association and subsequently can establish the framework to internationalization. Prize force likewise has negative impacts to both the business and the representatives. A few representatives use reward capacity to exploit the profitability of workers. The prizes now and then given don't coordinate the necessary yield. The representatives may likewise diminish the nature of work since they mind about the measure of yield as opposed to the quality. This may pulverize the picture of an association and in furthest cases may prompt breakdown of the business Raven, 1964). Intimidation is identified with remuneration power in that it prompts expanded yield. In any case, in compulsion the business ingrains dread in the representatives with the end goal that their efficiency is because of the dread they have for the administration. Ingraining dread in representatives has both negative and beneficial outcomes. It benefits the gatherings associated with various ways. The business benefits since the work yield is expanded and consequently they can work all the more productively. The way that the workers are made to fear their manager makes constrained regard between them. Regard between the business and the representatives guarantee that obligations are conveyed put according to the set standards and targets. Pressure decreases the odds of numerous normal errors done due to haughtiness and henceforth an association diminishes the danger of misfortunes. In any case, compulsion can likewise prompt abuse of the workers. A representative is instigated to work past the necessary standard as far as time and efficiency. The workers can't grumble about their privileges since they dread being terminated. This prompts poor working conditions, which may even prompt affliction in businesses including

Dangers of over empathising

Risks of over relating Conversation This task will endeavor to talk about the significance of relating the guiding trade and spotlight on calling attention to the risks of over identifying great as examine how these threats can be stayed away from. Before breaking down the issues that happen when the advisor over understands, will attempt to pressure the significance of sympathy inside the customer specialist relationship. When alluding to the term sympathy we mean the capacity to share and acknowledge somebody elses feelings and sentiments. It is regularly alluded to as the capacity to place oneself into anothers shoes, or somehow or another experience what the other individual is feeling, (Ekman, 1999). Sympathizing with patients ought to be the beginning stage for improving the customer specialist relationship and the directing trade and procedure. Sympathy has consistently been a huge trait of psychoanalytic treatment. It is the fundamental recuperating factor just as the premise of information assortment in analysis, (Plutchik, 1980). Despite the fact that sympathy is indispensable in psychoanalytic, self-mental, and customer focused treatments, its primary design is viewed as various inside every remedial strategy, (Nicoll, W.G. 1999). With customer focused treatment, the most significant job of sympathy is to produce a particular sort of learning experience where customers exist and identify with themselves in an alternate manner. Specifically, the object is to help individuals in building up the ability of learning and tell them the best way to utilize experiential referents in settling on consistently choices. With analysis, compassion is a key that helps the advisor in forming knowledge into the customers oblivious elements. With self mental treatment, sympathy fills in as an approach to fortify self-structure. Despite the fact that these capacities are unique, they can exist together Rogerian treatment As per Rogerian treatment, the advisor enters the customers world. Inside this special world the advisor neither concurs or opposes this idea. also, doesn't endeavor to investigate the inner mind, the oblivious or point out inconsistencies, (Rogers 1977). Rather, treatment is viewed as a procedure of freezing the individual and removing deterrents and hindrances all together for ordinary development and advancement to happen which would in the long run bring about the customers autonomy, (Moses, I. 1988). Inside the procedure of treatment the customer gives from inflexibly of self discernment to smoothness. For this to happen the specialist must be totally certifiable and must have inspirational mentality towards the customer and show empathic comprehension, (Shaffer, 1978). A major yet in addition precarious in regard to the measure of compassion towards the customer is keeping inspirational mentality towards the customer. This requests from the advisor to identify with the customer as an individual to an individual and not as a researcher to an object of study, (Cornelius, 1996). With regards to treatment, compassion is described and communicated by examining a people outward appearances, contemplating the body developments , and by undivided attention, by hearing their manner of speaking, (Haase Tepper, 1972). Rogers (1975) underlined on the advisor detecting the customers internal encountering and conveying something about this comprehension back to the individual. In such manner, sympathy includes a guarantee to get a handle on the inward condition of a person as precisely as could be expected under the circumstances (Cochran, 2006). It is the supported relational position of the advisor in seeing and reacting to the private implications of the customer that is key to the mending and change process (Barret Lennard, 1976; Rogers, 1975; Bennet, 2001). All together for an empathic reaction of an advisor to influence a customer, it must be communicated or made obvious in some structure (Barret Lennard, 1993). Albeit empathic affirmation may include some type of incitement in the advisor (the empathiser), the specialist ought not embrace or experience this inclination as their own, rather they ought to find the inclination in the other individual. In any case the specialist may encounter a passionate climate or even that the feelings showed have a place with all the gatherings included as opposed to simply to the customer, (Moses, I. 1988). As Rogers called attention to: it is critical that the specialist can see the experience of an individual, however without losing the as though the advocate were the customer (Rogers, 1957). It is said that, in treatment, it is basic for a specialist to abstain from permitting conflictive individual issues to meddle with the directing relationship (Boy Pine, 1982). Then again notwithstanding, if the specialist keeps up just a genuinely removed degree of commitment with the customer, correspondences and understandings that are anticipated from an experiential method of sympathy might be lessened or blocked, (Olinick, S. L. 1969). Now it is significant to call attention to that in spite of the fact that compassion is significant it tends to be an extremely troublesome issue for some specialists, (Moses, 1988). This is on the grounds that advisors are truly powerless against an unreasonable degree of ID with another person when individual issues and clashes are uncertain and liable to converging with the material of the customer. Feeling an excessive amount of can undoubtedly muddle things and make it hard to treat the patient in a totally target way. Being too empathic may likewise bring about the specialist one might say getting qualities of the patients physical and mental illness. When over understanding advisor may feel debilitated and it might then turn out to be hard for the specialist to feel loose, focused and established which is a fundamental prerequisite when endeavoring to treat somebody, At the point when the specialist over - identifies with the customer he is in a manner duplicating the physiological condition of the customer in his own framework, (Davis, M. H. 1996). This can make treatment a risky mission as there are negative feelings included, which leave the advisor in danger of uncovering that person self legitimately to the customers adverse experience of the difficult which could be gloom, uneasiness, self-destructive inclinations and some more. By uncovering himself legitimately and without fringes to the customers negative express, the specialist isn't helping himself, the customer or the procedure of treatment. Be that as it may, by sympathizing with the customer in a cognizant and fitting way it can function as a solid defensive instrument which shields the advisor when required, Compassion Compassion isn't the demonstration of losing all sense of direction in the customers state. On the off chance that this occurs, the advisor will be pulled down with the customer when the customer is suffocating and along these lines won't have the option to give any assistance, A reasonable meaning of compassion is to detect the customers private world as though it were your own, however while never losing the as though quality this is sympathy and it appears to be fundamental to treatment. To detect the customers outrage, dread, or disarray as though it were your own, yet without your own indignation, dread or disarray getting bound up in it. (Rogers) As Rogers states, identifying with the customer in the manner in which portrayed can help the customer much something beyond the positive sentiment of being acknowledged and comprehended: At the point when the customers world is obvious to the advisor, and he moves about in it unreservedly, at that point he can both convey his comprehension of what is plainly known to the customer and can likewise voice implications in the customers experience of which the customer is barely mindful. Along these lines the advisor and the customer can push ahead together, bit by bit, moment by moment contacting zones of experience which are inside the customer and influence their life, however for a few or numerous reasons is hard to get to, in this manner isn't available to getting, acknowledgment or change, (Myers, S. 2000). Specialists need to remember that guiding isn't simply talking things over (as they do in their regular day to day existence with companions), however an increasingly formal kind where there are two totally different jobs, the instructor doesn't for the most part talk about them self or attempt to safeguard the customer as they would do with a companion in light of the fact that by doing this there is a threat of over-identifying with the customer and losing an away from of being discrete individuals, (Eisenberg, N., Strayer, J. 1987) Regarding the substance of treatment, there is a requirement for the advisor to continually pay special mind to the impact they might be encountering from the customer. Specialists need to scrutinize all their own suppositions and convictions through perusing, awareness raising, and through self assessment. This requires a heartless trustworthiness that can be agonizing just as elating. Just when advisors have experienced this themselves can they really support their customer and not become to joined or over-sympathize. At last it is significant that specialists work with and recognize all parts of their customers and themselves that are underneath or more the structure obvious to our eyes, (Myers, S. 2000). They should have the option to tune into the level on which they can see the human spirit before them without being occupied by their speculations and self convictions. Anyway it is significant for specialists to recognize the contrast among compassion and sympathy. Compassion Compassion is frequently mistaken for sympathy as the two originations are seen as passing on a feeling of mindful or empathy. In treatment be that as it may, there are clear contrasts between these angles that can either conceivably postpone or expand the treatment procedure, (Lang, J.A. 1994). The essential purpose of compassion is to comprehend an individual and the focal point of compassion is the prosperity of an individual (Black, 2004). By and by, if a customer communicates passionate misery, an advocate utilizing an empathic position attempts to comprehend the people working and pass on a feeling of the experience back to the individual. Conversely, if a specialist thoughtfully reacts to a customers pain, the person in question may endeavor to ease the customers predicament, (Lang, J.A. 1994). With compassion, a professionals character may start to converge with a customers emotions and circumstance

2010 Transfer Applicant Update - UGA Undergraduate Admissions

2010 Transfer Applicant Update - UGA Undergraduate Admissions 2010 Transfer Applicant Update Although most of the focus will be on Freshman applicants for the next month or so, I did not want to leave out our transfer students. While our evaluation team will be reviewing a large number of freshman files through the month of January, I expect that we will begin the transfer review process in full sometime in early to mid February. As this is the case, I would suggest that any transfer student should do two things; one, send in your application (of course!), but like I have told the freshman applicants, do not wait until the deadline hits. Second, make sure you get in all of your college transcripts by the deadline, and make sure they have the most up-to-date work on them. If you have already applied as a transfer student, of which there are almost 1,000 who have already done so, make sure to request a transcript with fall 2009 grades on it. We will not be able to review your application unless we have fall transfer work to review! As well, since this is deadline week for freshman, I would suggest you wait until a week later to send in your transcripts. It always helps when your transfer work is not in the 30 or so mail bins of freshman materials! We will be reviewing summer transfer students first, and then fall, and I expect that you will see transfer decisions start to roll out in mid-February. I hope this helps you understand the transfer timeline, and Go Dawgs!

Angela Thompsell - ThoughtCo

Famous George Orwell Novel 1984 - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 2 Words: 730 Downloads: 8 Date added: 2019/04/10 Category Literature Essay Level High school Tags: 1984 Essay Did you like this example? Imagine a society where the thoughts, emotions, and actions of every human are supervised by the government, and there is absolutely no freedom. This is a common theme for a dystopian society, as represented in the famous George Orwell novel, 1984. The Party had the power to control all humanity inside of Oceania. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Famous George Orwell Novel 1984" essay for you Create order Winston Smith and his beloved coworker, Julia, are against them in light of the fact that they feel discontent about the oppression and inflexible control of the Party. In the novel, they work together in an attempt to overthrow the Party, until they unfortunately realize it may be best to embrace the Partys doctrine once they come upon OBrien, a powerful member of the Brotherhood. Winston, along with all of the other residents of Oceania, are constantly watched by Big Brother, the government. The constant watch is kept on him by a telescreen, which is always monitoring not only his every action and word, but his facial expressions as well. The slightest notion through appearance or gesture against the Party, who support Big Brother, could automatically mean death, or maybe a much worse torture. He must appear to be a member of the Party in every aspect, and the Thought Police are always there to enforce that loyalty. (LSCHS) This allows us to imagine the cruel, totalitarian society Winston lives in, and just how selfish and power-hungry the government is. It is evident that anybody living under these circumstances would rather be elsewhere. If there is hope, it lies in the proles. (Orwell 89) This quote means that Winston believed that if they could all come together, they would be strong enough to destroy the Party since the proles make up eighty-five percent of the population of Oceania. If they chose they could blow the Party to pieces tomorrow morning. (Orwell 89) He does not think the Party can be overthrown from within. In addition, the proles are given freedom and have no connection with the Party because they are seen as the lower social class, meaning they are not important enough to pay much attention to. However, this concept becomes less significant later in the novel once Winston and Julia meet OBrien. OBrien wants to make Winston perfect in the Partys image to save him, by bringing torture unto him. If Winston could perhaps become rehabilitated, it was believed that he would be clean from preexisting thoughtcrime. Different torturous techniques he suffered were threats, degradation, starvation, and many others. However, this was not for Winstons sake, but for the Partys to prevent it from becoming corrupt. In addition, it would turn out that Winston was being watched for many years by OBrien and there was his chance to catch him, and to brain wash him into thinking what the Party wants him to think. The author uses this power struggle to enhance the meaning of the story. 1984, which was written in 1949, was intended to warn its readers in Western nations of the dangers of totalitarian government, or communism. This was important at the time due to the fact that the Cold War was at the verge of escalating. However, communism would begin to spread more rapidly later on. The pre-war international system had collapsed, causing the USA to face an enormously strengthened Communist USSR across large stretches of Europe and even vaster stretches of the non-European world, whose political future seemed uncertain except that in this explosive and unstable world anything that happened was more likely than not to weaken both capitalism and the USA, and to strengthen the power which came into existence by and for revolution. (Hobsbawm 231) In conclusion, George Orwells 1984 is about the dystopian, totalitarian society in Oceania. A totalitarian government us defined as a government that has almost complete control over the lives of its citizens and does not allow freedom to oppose them. (Cambridge English Dictionary) It describes Winston and the other citizens struggle trying to cope with living in such a society, trying to avoid getting caught and executed, and trying to escape its rule. It was written to inform readers about what might happen in the event that communism spreads across the world during the Cold War. Winston never actually became free from the Party, instead he was only deceived into changing his opinion on the Party, and when that didnt work, he had many more unfortunate things in store for him.

Jahangir Free Essays

Sedimentary rocks in Pakistan range in age from Precambrian to Miocene i. e from oldest to youngest on the geological time scale form 542 million years to latest. Luckily for geoscientists all of them are exposed in different parts of the country. We will write a custom essay sample on Jahangir or any similar topic only for you Order Now Lithologically they constitute sandstone, limestone, shale and mixed lithologies of them all. These rocks are exposed all along the mountain ranges from Islamabad in north to Karachi in the south. Igneous rocks are exposed north of Peshawar or only at Nagarparker in the southeastern corner of the country. You better study ‘Stratigraphy and historical geology of Pakistan’ by Kazmi and Abbasi (2008), which will provide you a full knowledge about the rocks in Pakistan. ‘Geology and tectonics of Pakistan’ by Kazmi and Jan (1997) also gives details of distribution of ores and minerals in different parts of the country. Names [de] Mergel [en] marl Description Marl is a sedimentary rock made of clay and limestone, which belongs to the family of pelitic rocks (clays 0. 02 mm, the fine particles in water sales) and a carbonate is a variety of mudstone. The rocks can be both clastic and chemical-biogenic origin. The carbonate can be washed in as detritus, often goes back to the carbonate skeletons of plankton or biochemically precipitated calcite. On the seabed to collect layers of calcite and clay sediments, which are becoming more powerful over time and compacted by the weight of younger sediments onlay. Furthermore, responding in the sediment pore solution with the mineral matter and the sediment is gradually changing into a rock. The trivial term ruin marble (also landscape marble) refers to limestone and marl (as calcitic overprinted mud stones). Color reen, brown, beige and gray – grayish white Grain Size very fine grained sandstone are deposit in southern California Igneous Rock Igneous rocks are formed when molten rock (magma) cools and solidifies, with or without crystallization, either below the surface as intrusive (plutonic) rocks or on the surface as extrusive (volcanic) rocks. This magma can be derived from either the Earth’s mantle or pre-existing rocks made molt en by extreme temperature and pressure changes. Over 700 types of igneous rocks have been described, most of them formed beneath the surface of the Earth’s crust. The word â€Å"igneous† is derived from the Latin ignis, meaning â€Å"fireGujarat has vast resources of marble in Banaskantha. Bharuch. Vadodara. Kaclichh and Panchmahal †¦ In Uttarakhand. thick impersistent bands of white marble occur inBasalt is a very common igneous rock. In fact it is the most common rock in the Earth’s crust. Almost all oceanic crust is made of basalt and basalt is a common extrusion from many volcanic regions around the world. It forms from the melting of the upper mantle and its chemistry closely resembles the upper mantle’s composition. It is generally silica poor and iron and magnesium rich. Basalt originates from â€Å"hot spot† volcanoes, massive basalt flows and mid oceanic ridges. Uses of Basalt Basalt is used for a wide variety of purposes. It is most commonly crushed for use as an aggregate in construction projects. Crushed basalt is used for road base, concrete aggregate, asphalt pavement aggregate, railroad ballast, filter stone in drain fields and may other purposes. Basalt is also cut into dimension stone. Thin slabs of basalt are cut and sometimes polished for use as floor tiles, building veneer, monuments and other stone objects. Rock Salt? Rock Salt is a chemical sedimentary rock that forms from the evaporation of ocean or saline lake waters. It is also known by the mineral name â€Å"halite†. It is rarely found at Earth’s surface, except in areas of very arid climate. It is often mined for use in the chemical industry or for use as a winter highway treatment. Some halite is processed for use as a seasoning for food. Rock Salt: The specimen shown is about two inches (five centimeters) across. | | | | | | Minerals Marl nearly consists of equal numbers clays and calcite or dolomite. Furthermore quartz, mica, pyrite and gypsum may be present. Occurences Marl occurs worldwide, the variety ruin marble in Italy (near Florence), Austria, Czech Republic and Pakistan. SEDIMENTARY ROCKS Broader Terms carbonate sedimentary rocks Narrower Terms Austria-marl France-marl Germany-marl Italy-marl Dolomite Dolomite was first described by the French mineralogist Deodat de Dolomieu in 1791 from its occurrence in a range of the southern Alps. The rock was given the name dolomite by de Saussure, and today the mountains themselves are called the Dolomites. What Dolomieu noticed was that dolomite looks like limestone, but unlike limestone it does not bubble when treated with weak acid. The mineral responsible is also called dolomite. Dolomite is very significant in the petroleum business because it forms underground by the alteration of calcite limestone. This chemical change is marked by a reduction in volume and by recrystallization, which combine to produce open space (porosity) in the rock strata. Porosity creates avenues for oil to travel and reservoirs for oil to collect. Naturally, this alteration of limestone is called dolomitization, and the reverse alteration is called dedolomitization. Both are still somewhat mysterious problems in sedimentary geology. The most commonly found Sedimentary rocks are, Limestone, Sandstone, Shale, Mudstone, Siltstone, Marlstone and Claystone. These rocks are found in Kirthar Range, Sulaiman Range, Makran range, Bhitanni Range, Pab Range, Salt range and many other places of Balochistan province and NWFP and Kashmir. Igneous rocks are found in Chagai volcanic arch and magmetic belt (Balochistan bordering Iran and Afghanistan). Metamorphic and igneous rocks are also found in the Karakoram Himalayan Crystalline belt (northern part of Pakistan including Swat, Hazara, Kaghan valley, Attock, Khyber area, Mingora, Kashmir, Chitral, Gilgit and Hunza valley. Granite of Igneous origin is also found in the southeastern corner of Pakistan, in Nagarparker area. Sandstone And Quartzite Physical Properties| Chemical Properties| Sandstone  is a sedimentary rock composed essentially of quartz grains cemented by siliceous, felspathic, calcareous cementing matters. The durability and strength of these rocks depend on the cementing material. The best quality sandstone, for building purpose, should be of fine grain and uniform texture. The colour of the sandstone may be either white, grey, yellow, buff, brown or red Sandstone is the youngest of the quartz-based stones, which eventually turns into quartzite as the sandstone is subjected to heat and pressure. Textures within the sandstone layers such as cross-bedding, ripple marks, and mud cracks, are clues to the origin of the layers as shallow, inter-tidal or delta sediments. The colors of sandstone depend on the mineral contents and impurities in the sand. Generally, the sandstone is available in red, beige, pink, green, grey, brown, yellow, mint, teak, and in rainbow color. Uses Sandstone was a common building material for larger structures, before reinforced concrete came into use in the middle of late 1800’s. Nevertheless, it is still put into various purposes such as for flooring or as paving materials since they are dug out from the ground in individual layers. Some sandstone is honed for a smoother finish and used for both interior and exterior applications. It is also used as flagstone for residential applications. Quartzite  is a metamorphic rock consisting of compact siliceous matter. It is formed from sandstone that after metamorphism alters to quartzite. Quartzite is used mainly as a building stone and as road metal. Fine grained compact quartzite is found in Gurgaon district of Haryana and is considerably used as a building stone. Rajasthan is the largest state that produces quartzite. Different quarries produce slabs and titles measuring 30 to 60 cm in width and 2 to 3 m in length Since most of these stones are taken from the ground in individual layers, they are typically used as flooring or paving materials. Most flagstone used in residential applications is sandstone. Most sandstones and quartzite have a â€Å"natural cleft† finish, meaning the finished surface is the way the stone came out of the ground. Some sandstones are honed for a smoother finish. Most sandstones are suitable for both interior and exterior application. The colors of sandstone, depending on the cements and impurities in the sand, are red, beige, pink, green, gray, brown, yellow, mint, teak, rainbow. The quartzite comes in black and white colors only. PHYSICAL PROPERTIES| Color| Minor color tonal variations exist but within the tolerance limit. | Hardness| 6 to 7 on Moh’s Scale Density 2. 32 to 2. 2 Kg/m3| Compressive Strength| 365 to 460 Kg/m2| Water Absorption| Not more than 1. 0 %| Modulus of Rupture| 197-200 Kg/cm2| Porosity| Low to very low. | Weather Impact| Resistant| CHEMICAL PROPERTIES| Chemically they are very resistant Mono-Mineralic rocks, principally of silica. | SiO2| 93-94%| Iron (Fe2O3)| 1. 5%-1. 6%| Alumina (Al2O3)| 1. 4 to 1. 5%| Soda (Na2O) ; P otash (Kro)| 1. 0% to 1. 2%| Lime (CaO)| 0. 8% to 0. 9%| Magnesia (MgO)| 0. 2 to 0. 25%| Loss On Ignition (LOI)| 1. 0% to 1. 2%. | They are highly resistant to avoids, alkalis and thermal impact. Insolubility in acids and alkalis is about 97%. | Breccia Breccia is a term most often used for clastic sedimentary rocks that are composed of large angular fragments (over two millimeters in diameter). The spaces between the large angular fragments can be filled with a matrix of smaller particles or a mineral cement that binds the rock together. Uses The rock, breccia, has very few uses. However, the word â€Å"breccia† is used as a trade name for a group of dimension stone products with a broken, angular pattern. Names such as â€Å"Breccia Oniciata†, â€Å"Breccia Pernice† and â€Å"Breccia Damascata† are cut and polished limestones and marbles that reveal a broken, angular pattern. Marble Marble is a non-foliated metamorphic rock that is produced from the metamorphism of limestone. It is composed primarily of calcium carbonate. What is Hornfels? Hornfels is a fine-grained nonfoliated metamorphic rock with no specific composition. It is produced by contact metamorphism. Hornfels is a rock that was â€Å"baked† while near a heat source such as a magma chamber, sill or dike. What is Amphibolite? Amphibolite is a non-foliated metamorphic rock that forms through recrystallization under conditions of high viscosity and directed pressure. It is composed primarily of amphibole and plagioclase, usually with very little quartz. What is Flint? Flint is a hard, tough chemical or biochemical sedimentary rock that breaks with a conchoidal fracture. It is a form of microcrystalline quartz that is typically called â€Å"chert† by geologists. It often forms as nodules in sedimentary rocks such as chalk and marine limestones. The nodules can be dispersed randomly throughout the rock unit but are often concentrated in distinct layers. Some rock units form through the accumulation of silicious skeletal material. These can recrystallize to form a layer of bedded flint. Flint is highly resistant to weathering and is often found as pebbles or cobbles along streams and beaches. What is Welded Tuff? Welded Tuff is a rock that is composed of materials that were ejected from a volcano, fell to Earth, and then lithified into a rock. It is usually composed mainly of volcanic ash and sometimes contains larger size particles such as cinders. (igneous rock What is Diorite? Diorite is a coarse-grained, intrusive igneous rock that contains a mixture of feldspar, pyroxene, hornblende and sometimes quartz. How to cite Jahangir, Papers

Leadership Trends

Question: Leadership development is essential in today's contemporary workplace and beyond. Research and report on current trends in Leadership Development. Select one trend and discuss in depth the importance of this trend for the future or leadership. Make recommendations for how this particular trend could be developed in the leaders of tomorrow. Answer: Introduction: It refers to any activity that increase the quality of leadership within a single or in any company. Leadership development has focused on the advancement of the leadership abilities and attitudes of ones. The purpose of leadership development is divided to three variables: Learning characteristics Nature of the leader A Leader must be supportive Leadership development focus on: Experiential learning: arranging individual in focus of the learning process, which is divided into different stages: Concrete experience Observation and demonstration Forming conceptual concept Performance of one's in different situations. Self efficacy: the right training and coaching should bring about 'Self efficacy' in the trainee or capabilities to produce effects. Vision: Developing the ability to formulate a clear image of the aspired future of an organization unit. Attitude: attitude plays a major role in being a leader. Various trends have been followed in the leadership, out of which one of such trends is leadership at a collective level, which is discussed in depth below: Leadership development trends: Leadership Development, some trends that are used in the development of leadership, They are: 1. Organizations should give priority to their importance on leadership development : Organizations, companies and other agencies are in danger without developing leadership due to different facts. For reducing these dangers, the forceful and working application of leadership development is very important for leadership development, organizations make a leadership meeting/committee to develop talent. 2. Organizations should make and implement a leadership development and strategy : Good leadership development needs a good strategy and plan. It doesn't only mean the implementation of a program, it needs a good leadership. All the strategies are unsuccessful without these programs, which means that they are of no use with good leadership. It is more than the singles. A Strategy defines the company's requirements. It includes the facts like at which level should a leader should be placed. This means that a proper leadership and a good strategy is required in an organization. 3. Leadership behavior should be renewed : Old leadership competencies are important, but these should be renewed time by time, so that, it doesn't get outdated, which indirectly a harm to the organization. Research revealed five facts that a renewing leadership competency: The need of new and creative thoughts and ideas of doing business and also management. The need of fast moving and flexible leaders. Competing all over the world. Management of people in organization, Different needs of employers 4. Leadership should be globalized : The mindsets and thinking globally can help in leadership development. It is, leaders need to understand local differences and also difference in culture, and work according to that, which makes it easier for leaders and organization to complete the task. Organizations are nowadays changing their business strategies to expand their business globally, for that leadership should be globalized. The need is that leader should think and act globally as well as locally and they should move beyond their geographical limits. 5. Being technologically savvy : Technological savvy is a very important fact for good leadership nowadays. More practical/technological knowledge a leader has, he/she is more efficient. Moreover, technology makes it easier to communicate between the leader and his/her employee, whatever they're geographically located. There is an increase in requirements of leading a physically dispersed team, so technology plays an important role. 6. Leadership development should aim all leaders in an organization : A research proves that all leadership development of leaders at all levels in an organization should be done. So, leadership is the most important key, by developing all leaders in a company like human resource, or any other leader. This means that development must be done at all levels. Trend: Developing Leadership at a Collective Level: These days organizations have strengthened the connection between a work of leaders, so that leadership can be developed, which made a difference between leadership and leader development. With the help of development of the individuals, leadership development can be done to make leaders. There is a need to concentrate on interpersonal connections between members in the team. The people who compromise the organization are one of the important resource that the organization possesses. Many organizations develop these kind of resources. The most important resource that an organization possesses is the people that comprise the organization, these resources of development are addressed by some organizations as leadership capability. The currently existing idea regarding the leadership nature, has emerged after through passing several decades. Novel ideas like emotional intelligence, keep on getting added to the previously existing ideas, like planning and organizing. A considerable research has been conducted about the attributes of those managers, who have been considered as high performers. However, various approaches have been adopted by various researchers for this task. A few of them have viewed these tasks as activities, others as skills and while some others as personal qualities. A majority of the organizations has used competence frameworks as a description of the required management behaviors, usually including the personal qualities along with activities. National Management Standards have been present since a decade and also have gone through amendments many times during that period. Such standards mainly reflect and focus upon the opinion on leadership and management rather than rigorous research. Several ideas related to leadership and management may apply to the senior managers, but may not apply to the middle or junior managers. Apart from that, there also exist limitations in terms of gender or nationality, etc. Impact of leadership and management on organizational performance: There is a strong relationship between the organizational performance and the practices of Human resource management. There exists a dual relationship between the leadership development and human resource management with regard to performance. Where, on one hand, the Human resource management is a vital area where management along with leadership development is applied. Since HRM contributes in improving the overall performance, it implies that leadership and management also contribute in improving the performance. While on the other hand, if viewed from a traditional viewpoint, the management as well as the leadership development is one of the several practices of the HRM, and the proof that it plays a role in the Human resource management effect along with various other parts of HRM, is equally true and important. Lastly, the research on the HRM performance is one of the most extensive and thorough research. This stream of research is crucial to the debate on the management and le adership development in various ways: Training is one of those HRM practices, which are related to the higher level of organizational performance. As a result of which, the management training, which forms a part of the broader training, makes a good amount of positive contribution in the performance of the organization. Rather, training activities and management development have been described by the famous researchers, Becker and Huselid as one of the one of the four key elements of the HRM systems. Managers play the dual role of input as well as output in an HRM. Almost all the processes of HRM recognized as important, are those, which are implemented by the managers with the help of their personal talent and skills. Besides this, the managers are also the principal trainers of training and development to the other members of staff. Thus, all the good and effective practices of the HRM are dependent on the managers of good quality. This argument holds good, especially, in some of the most recent research, which emphasizes the standard and quality of the implementation of HRM. Working of the Management and Leadership Development? The evidence as to how management and leadership development works is based upon the situations and circumstances. A practical example of this is, in order to get the benefit of the management and leadership development, a design of a suitable approach is required and it is different for different situations and a universal model of best practice is not adopted. It includes This point applies to both the processes, by which management and leadership capabilities are created by the management and leadership development along with the processes, this capability is utilized towards the achievement of performance. The proof about the first link suggests that development is required to be fitted and supported by a variety of strategies of learning on the part of learning individuals and groups. Both the formal as well as the informal methods of learning are required to be designed so as to support the natural learning, which goes on in the implementation of the leadership and the manageme nt work. With the change in the nature of society, the form of leadership capability and management has also changed. However, there are several different forms and means of organizational work which increase the diversification of the management and leadership capabilities. Those aspects of management and leadership capability, which are related to creativity, entrepreneurship and innovation have increased importance in many situations. The modes and methods, by which the management and leadership development have contributed to the organizational performance, and the forms with which they are developed vary according to the size and sector on the ethnicity, gender and other different categories for the purpose of learning individuals as well as groups. The approaches and methods of learning are different for different organizations. Both the private and the public sectors go through the change and a variety exists within as well as between these categories. These differences can b e best understood in terms of the various ranges of management and leadership capabilities, which are drawn on different circumstances. In the private as well as the public sectors, the capabilities, which are associated with the political working and with networks, which are outside the organizational settings seem to be increasingly important in the public as well as private sectors, and with special significance given to the public sector as compared to the previous practice. The management and leadership development becomes efficient in the organizational settings by the strong impact of the culture and practices of the HRM of those organizations. Recommendation for selected trends of Leadership Development that is beneficial for the future is leadership development should be Globalized: Globalization: Everybody keeps on talking about globalization, but word globalization is not clear to everyone and how to develop global leadership, it is even more confusing. Different skills used by global leaders. Some principles for globalizing the leadership development are: Thinking globally and Acting Globally: Global mindsets should be prepared. Global experiences, speaking different languages fluently, managing a globally diverse team, these are not important for globalization of leadership development. Only the mindsets and thinking globally can help in leadership development. The question is that what is global mindsets. It is, leaders need to understand local and cultural differences, and work according to that, which makes it easier for leaders and organization to complete the task. The similar situations are required, in which the local and the global elements demands are being forced, having been aware of the diversity across markets and cultures. Global workforce trends are divided into three parts 1. Macroeconomic: economic activities are being changed not only globally, but also regionally, and for this, leaders are required to think through the connections to their revenue streams; 2. Environmental and social: The importance of good leaders is making new ways in which talented leader leads their team globally. 3. Business and industry: Boundaries of a corporate/company are diminishing, on the other hand winning/healthy companies will supply capital. 4. Accept Diversity: Those organizations, which have a global thinking, accept their leaders in a program. They let their leaders interact with global issues and different kind of situations, and also with other leaders and the user of their organization. These leaders should not think that they have done any work earlier and so they can do it now also, because at the global level they have to adjust with diversity and work according to that. Accepting diversity not only includes accepting the cultural diversity, it includes working with a woman, and a leader should know how to deal with that situation. This needs a new way of thinking and also working in a new manner. Leaders and organizations which use today's technology and resources are in competition of other global organizations. These days, leaders are asking for technology rather than the cost reduction and the efficiency in processing. They want to use technology to reduce the physical distance, with the help of video conferencing and other useful tools for communication across the globe, whenever they want to use it. Usage of virtual networking, by the leaders plays a vital role to gather or send information quickly and use it efficiently makes a leader more efficient. Leverage Technology: Today's technology tools and resources are an aggressive asset for global companies. Today's leaders are demanding more from technology, they do not need technology only for process efficiency and related cost reduction processes. They expect technology to smash the work team across the globe in different ways: To make knowledge available for work team when required To provide telecommunication, video conferencing, meetings and sharing of application in different cities To make information available easily and in that particular format by which leaders and work team can use and reuse it anytime Virtual networking and collaboration makes the leader's role more effectively . Collaboration permits a successful change in company it occupies the work team who are in contact and creates a higher level of ownership for action to be taken. It assigns right projects to the right people at the right time. Be A Change Agent: New requirements for leaders are innovation and creativity, which makes them best in the global market. Leaders of previous market may have been successful in developed markets, but they face different problems, then today's emerging markets for which they are not prepared that makes those leaders unsuccessful in today's market, thats why they need to be up to date with today's technologies and tools. Reproducing best practice that they leveraged in today's emerging industry will lead to failure. There are many factors which make a successful leader few of them are knowledge, technical skills and experience, with the help of these factors global leaders are handling complexity. Leaders should be creative and innovative. Leaders which do not follow today's rules for doing business which uses old technology and old skills they are not that effective leader which today's company needs. Multigenerational influence and cultural intelligence are two factors which make a successful global l eader. Conclusion Several powerful insights have been revealed by the study of the global leadership development which may benefit organizations that look forward to compete globally. However, it is important to understand, while this study represents knowledge, technical skills and experience help to create the successful global business, it does not presume that every industry, company, or culture requires the same approach to global leadership. References: Ackerman, L. (1985). Leadership vs. Managership. Leadership Org Development J, 6(2), pp.17-19. Bush, R. (2002). Effective Nonprofit Management: The Leadership Factor. Nonprofit Management Leadership, 12(3), pp.327-333. Curtin, J. (2002). Teaching Versus Facilitating in Leadership Development. Journal of Leadership Education, 1(1), pp.58-67. Liu, K. (1999). Systemic leadership development. Leadership in Action, 19(3), pp.12-13. Lloyd, B. (1994). Leadership and Learning. Leadership Org Development J, 15(4), pp.19-26. Lloyd, B. (2001). Exploring inner leadership. Leadership Org Development J, 22(1). Mannion, K. (2009). Leadership for success. Leadership Org Development J, 30(7), pp.639-648. Probert, J. and Turnbull James, K. (2011). Leadership development: Crisis, opportunities and the leadership concept. Leadership, 7(2), pp.137-150. Tyler, M. (2006). Creating an incubator for global leadership. Leader to Leader, 2006(41), pp.71-74. Viitala, R. (2004). Towards knowledge leadership. Leadership Org Development J, 25(6), pp.528-544.

Politics Essays - New Deal, Social Programs In The United States

Politics Frank Sinatra once said, "You're riding high in April, shot down in May. But I know I'm gonna change that tune, when I'm back on top, back on top in June." Does the epitome of individualism lie in the lyrics of a Las Vegas singer? Is this really how far we must look to find the principles on which this country was created? Unfortunately, this is the case. Social programs implemented by the Federal Government have produced a nation of sniveling crybabies. The concept of rugged individualism has been replaced by the doctrine of victimization. Consequently, we find ourselves entrenched in a constant battle to save our nation from imminent disaster. Social and moral deterioration is attributed to the following: the media chastising traditional views, publicly funded Federal handouts, and the breakdown of family values. The median from which the majority of Americans receive their news has one major flaw; it's not actually the news. NBC, CBS, and ABC report the news from their perspective. Whatever news they deem important is constructed to parallel the public sentiment. This has an enormous impact on the way we form social priorities, morals, and personal principles. If were told what to think, how do we become independent? For example, when an individual openly proclaims that welfare is harmful, that same individual is called a bigot by the press. It is no longer safe to promote conservative ideals for fear of public ridicule. Our nation has been in a downward spiral ever since The New Deal. The Roosevelt Administration attempted to remedy poverty by throwing money at the poor, free for the asking. Although we've demonstrated for the past fifty years that this method does not work, it is still implemented nevertheless. The Federal Government subsidizes the poor by sending them tax-free checks. Instead of encouraging individuals to realize their full potential, the Government labels them as helpless; unable to survive without a bloated Federal Government providing them things. Recent legislation is aimed at helping welfare recipients by aiding their job search. Moving recipients off welfare and into jobs gives them a feeling of self-reliance. This is the key to a happy, successful life. Society's ideals have changed dramatically in recent times. Unfortunately, these changes have a negative impact on the families of America. Single parent households, divorces, and teenage pregnancy is becoming more common. Personal responsibility has long been abandoned. Even common courtesy has been thrown in the background. The absence of a stable family threatens the future of our children. The alarming trends show us that children of broken homes have a greater risk of becoming delinquents than their stable family counterparts. Undoubtedly, our founding fathers would be ashamed of our nation's integrity. America was built on core beliefs. The seemingly most important belief is rugged individualism. The founders emphatically stressed the notion that every individual is sovereign, and dependency on Government is political slavery. America can still be saved. Every citizen should feel personal responsible for the welfare of his or her family. In addition, Americans should teach their children to emulate positive role models, rather than the fringe sections of our society. Many people believe that these are extravagant ideals and that we could not afford to upset the current standards. On the other hand, can we afford not to?

world hunger essays

world hunger essays Every day an estimated 24,000 people die from hunger or hunger related causes. Three-fourths of these deaths are children under the age of five. One may wonder how this can be living in a country were it seems so much food is wasted everyday. Food restaurants and grocery stores throw away food every night before closing. Many Americans waste food every day within their own homes. With so much "left over" food in American how is it that an estimated 800 million people around the world suffer from hunger and malnutrition?1 Well, first we must define the word hunger. Hunger, in this case, is not just the rumbling in ones stomach that most of us feel if we have not eaten for a few hours. For this purpose, hunger is defined as "a condition resulting from chronic under-consumption of food and/or nutritious food products. It may be precipitated by an inability to obtain sufficient quantities of food to eat or a failure to consume adequate quantities of nutritious food products, regardless of the ability to obtain sufficient food supplies."2 The problem of world hunger is not that there is not enough food produced in the world. "World production of grain alone is over 1.5 billion tons, enough to supply the entire world population with two pounds a day."3 This grain combined the current production of other foods such as meat, fruits, vegetables, and nuts is enough to provide each adult and child on earth 3000 calories a day which is what the average American consumes.4 Americans are not the only ones who waste food. People all over the world are doing the very same thing. And the though it seems that America has too much food, we Americans have hungry people living right here in our own country. The world hunger problem lies within the changing environmental conditions, population, and most of all, poverty. This paper will discuss the causes, effects and possible solutions of world hunger. There are three major cause...

How can a manager motivate a workforce and what are the major benefits Essay - 4

How can a manager motivate a workforce and what are the major benefits of this to a company Support your answer with examples - Essay Example This model states that there are five different main elements of a job that can result in motivating employees, these five main elements include, skill variety, task identity, task significance along with independence and reaction being the two most important elements of a job (DAFT, 2011, p.421). Body The model of job characteristics states that employees are motivated to perform those jobs where they can use different sets of skills and the skills that are required for such a job must require an employee to use that are of higher level. For example: managers can motivate an entry level employee in Human Resource Department if the employee is allowed to work on tasks that require higher level skills such as screening of resumes, creating training and interviewing schedules and other skills. According to Bremner and fellow researchers, skill variety is one of the main job characteristics that led to making employees feel that their work was meaningful and this feeling employees are m otivated as they feel that their skills are being used to perform are important for the job (Bremner, 2011, p.15). The job characteristic model asserts that employees are motivated to work on those tasks in which they feel that they are in control and due to their contribution a particular task was completed from the moment it started to the moment it ended. For example: a recruitment specialist will be motivated from hiring an employee in which he performed the duties of conducting job analysis and ended the task by hiring a suitable employee for a particular position. The employee would end up being de-motivated if he was only allowed to conduct job analysis and screen employees and selection of the employee was done by another employee. According to a literature search conducted by Rizwan and other researchers, there is a positive relationship between employee performance and job involvement (Rizwan, 2011, p.81). They state that the higher the level of an employee in a job, the h igher is the performance level of the employee. A third element of a job emphasized upon by the model is the element of task significance and the model states that employees are motivated to work on those assignments that are significant for others who are within the organization as well as outside the organization. For example: managers can motivate employees by assigning them tasks that are of significant importance to the top level of the management as this will make employees feel that they are needed by the organization. According to Grant, employee performance as well as dedication of lifeguards was positively impacted due to the significance of their task for others (Grant, 2008, p.120). A fourth important component of a job that leads to employee motivation is the amount of freedom to make decisions regarding how a particular job should be performed. For example: a teacher who is handed over a curriculum and course outline to follow by the supervisor will be less motivated t o perform his/her job as compared to a teacher who is allowed to design the curriculum as well as the outline to teach the students. According to Cordery and fellow researchers, employee team performance was degraded when they were faced with uncertain situations, but employee team performance became better due to higher level of autonomy even when they faced uncertain situati

Home Visit Activity Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Home Visit Activity - Essay Example The mother is 25 years old named Jane. My friend recommended me to interview her for this task. In the planning process of this activity, I called a week in advance to see if she was willing to be interviewed. She agreed to the visit and we decided to carry out the activity on February 1 at 9 am. Although the time was set as per her consent I made a call before visiting her to make sure that the time is still suitable for her. The visit I visited Jane on the specified time. The visit started with a pleasant greeting to her and the baby. I went to wash my hands before holding the baby to give the impression of hygiene importance. To make the atmosphere friendly and light I introduced myself concisely and gave her a hand sanitizer as a gift for visitors. As per the phone conversation I expected a friendly but shy lady. However, Jane felt comfortable with me discussing her problems and circumstances. The purpose of the visit was to explore the facts which may be causing the baby girl to lose weight. The mother clearly stated that the baby was not gaining weight despite of her struggles and visits to different local doctors. The place where she lived was a small underdeveloped area with less educated and poor people surrounding it. She told about the frequent changes in medications in order to resolve this issue.

Comparison Of Land Line And Mobile Phones

Comparison Of Land Line And Mobile Phones No one can ever forget Alexander Graham Bell, who is credited as the inventor of Telephone. With innovation and advancement in technology, the simple two way communicating device has taken a new form popularly known as mobile phone. We have reached an era where it is very common to hear words like I cant live without mobile phone. Cell phone has become a part of our daily life.. Let it be business deals, any personal work or meetings everything today can be done with the help of mobile phone. A Mobile Phone, Cell Phone or Hand Phone is an electronic device which lets the user to be mobile and make or receive telephone calls across a wide geographical area, served by many public cells. The calls could be made to and received from either a fixed line or another mobile. Mobile phone uses a wireless network for communication i.e. a network which is which is not connected by cables of any kind. Base Station (BS).Each base station is in turn is connected to a central hub and is controlled by this switching office, also known as Mobile Switching Center (MSC). MSC is nothing else but a computerized center that is responsible for connecting calls, recording call information and billing. The communication between all the base stations and the telephone central office is coordinated by MSC. PSTN connects all conventional telephone switching centers with MSCs throughout the world. Also, the cell size is not fixed and can be increased or decreased depending on the population of the area. Generally, the radius is kept 1 to 12 mi. In comparison to low density areas, high density areas require more geographically smaller cells to meet the traffic demands. Once the cell is determined, the cell size is optimized so that the adjacent cells signals are not interfered. For this purpose, the transmission power of each cell is kept low to prevent its signal from interfering with those of other cells. Block Diagram of cellular Network Difference between Fixed Line and Mobile Phone In case of public switched telephone network (PSTN), the landline trunked lines (trunks) are used for transfer of information. These trunks comprise of fiber optic cables, copper cables, microwave links and satellite links. The network configuration in the PSTN is virtually static as the changes in the network connections would be required only when the subscriber would change the residence. Wireless networks, on the other hand are highly dynamic, wherein the network configuration is to be rearranged every time the subscriber moves into the coverage region of new base station. Unlike fixed networks which are difficult to change, wireless networks must reconfigure themselves for users within small intervals of time (on the fraction of seconds) to provide roaming and imperceptible handoffs between calls as a mobiles moves about. The available channel bandwidth for fixed networks can be increased by installing high capacity cables whereas wireless networks are constrained by RF cellular bandwidth provided for each user. Frequency Reuse Principle Increasing the capacity and coverage area is the key feature of any cellular network and this can be accomplished by re-using the frequency. It is true that to avoid interference, neighboring cells should not use same frequency but as the frequencies available is limited, they can be reused. A frequency reuse pattern is nothing else but a collection of N cells arranged together where N is the reuse factor, in which each cell uses a unique set of frequencies. The frequencies can be reused whenever the pattern is repeated. F1,F2, F3,and F4 in the above diagram define the pattern with the reuse factor of 4.The cells that use the same frequencies(ones with the same frequency number) are known as reusing cells. Transmitting and Receiving Calls Whenever user makes a call from cell phone, the mobile station searches for a band with a strong signal to setup a channel and send the data to the closest base station using that channel. The base station then connects to Mobile Switching Center (MSC) and passes the data to it. MSC further passes the data to the telephone central office. A connection is established and result is sent back to MSC, if the called party is available. At this point MSC assigns an unused voice channel to the call and mobile station automatically adjusts its tuning to the new channel so that communication can take place. Whenever a call is made to a mobile phone , the central office of the telephone from where the call has been initiated sends the number to the MSC.MSC in turn sends the query signals to each cell in process to find out the location of mobile station. This process is called paging. Once the mobile station is found MSC sends the ringing signal to it and after the station answers, a voice channel is assigned to the call for the communication to begin. Handoff The process of transferring the connected or on going call from one channel to another in order to prevent the termination of call is known as Handoff or Handover. Whenever the mobile station moves from one cell to another and signal becomes weak, handover is required. MSC monitors the level of signal every few seconds and if it finds the strength of signal diminishing then it searches for a new cell wherein better communication can take place. There are two types of handoff: Hard Handoff: In this case, a mobile station communicates only with one base station. When the mobile station moves from one cell to another, the connection with the target cell is established only when the connection from the source is broken. Thus, such handovers are also known as break-before-make. Soft Handoff: In this case, a mobile station can communicate with two base stations so there is no need of breaking from the source cell to make a connection to a target cell. Instead, a mobile station may continue with a new connection while retaining the older one for a while. Thus, such handovers are known as make-before-break. Access Technologies Frequency Division Multiple Access (FDMA): FDMA is a technique in which the spectrum is divided into frequencies and is assigned to users. The channel is assigned to only one subscriber or user at a time i.e. A channel will remain blocked until the call which was initially made has completed. A full duplex FDMA requires two channels, one for sending or transmitting the data and another for receiving. FDMA technology was used in first generation systems, which were analog systems. Time Division Multiple Access (TDMA): TDMA splits each frequency into time slots thus improving spectrum capacity. In TDMA technology, each user is allowed to access the entire radio frequency channel for the short period of a call. The same frequency channel can be shared by other users as well at different time slots. The base station continually switches from user to user on the channel. The second generation mobile cellular network is dominated by TDMA. Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA): CDMA simply means communicating with different codes. It allows all the users to occupy all channels at the same time thus increasing the spectrum capacity. Each voice or data call is assigned a unique code, so that calls could be differentiated from each other while being carried over the same spectrum. In case of CDMA terminals can communicate with various base stations using the feature known as soft hand-off. Mobile Generations: Evolution from 1G to 3G With the rapid advances in technology and the greater selection of new wireless services and applications the mobile has grown through various generations fulfilling the increasing demands of its users. First Generation (1G) mobile phones were analog which had only voice facility. Additional facilities like messaging and data services, fax were introduced in digital phones known as Second Generation (2G) mobile phones. The third generation mobile phones (3G) which are being talked about a lot nowadays, includes high speed of internet browsing, picture and video messaging facilities. In short, multimedia facilities when added to the second generation mobiles (2G) gave birth to the third Generation mobile phones. First Generation Mobile System: The cellular networks were introduced in 1980s and since then it has not stopped growing. The first generation mobiles were analog systems with the capability of transmitting at the speed of 9.6 kbps max. At that time there was no worldwide coordination for the development of technical standards worldwide. AMPS (Advanced Mobile Phone System) was invented in Bell Labs and was installed in United States in 1982.When used in England and Japan it was known as TACS and MCS-L1.In 1G mobile systems roaming was not possible and efficient use of frequency spectrum was not there. Second Generation Mobile System: ETSI was created in Europe in mid 1980s to standardize the mobile communication sector. This standardization lead to the beginning of new network which was based on digital technology and popularly known as Global System for Mobile Communication (GSM).GSM was actually introduced to add more services to the actual network as well as meet the requirements of data traffic. GSM consists of the following three main components: 1. Base Station Subsystem 2.Network Subsystem 3.Network Management System Base Station Subsystem: It consists of Base Transreceiver Station (BTS), Base Station Controller (BSC) and Transcoder sub-multiplexer (TCSM).BTS is the network component that manages the interface between mobile station and the network. Mobile terminals are connected to the BTS through the air interface. BTS makes use of omnidirectional or directional antennas for transmission and reception. BSC provides major functions like handover and managing radio resources. Network Subsystem: Network subsystem is basically an interface between the public network and GSM network. All the communication between mobile users and other users (ISDN, fixed, mobile) is managed by NSS. The databases of subscriber and is also kept with NSS to manage users mobility. Various components of NSS are described below: 1) Mobile Switching Center (MSC): It is the most important component that performs switching functions necessary for interconnections between mobile users and other users (fixed or mobile). 2) GMSC: To connect the cellular network with PSTN, a gateway known as GMSC is used. 3) Home Location Register (HLR): All the information about the subscriber such as the coverage area, services provided to the user, current location and mobile equipment status etc is maintained in this register. The database remains same until the termination of subscription. 4) Visitor Location Register (VLR): The information of subscriber is uploaded in this register whenever he enters the coverage region so that necessary services could be provided to him. VLR of the new region is updated with the database whenever the subscriber moves to the new region. VLR is dynamic in nature as it keeps the data of the subscriber temporarily and interacts with HLR for recording the data. 5) Authentication Center (AUC): It takes care of the security by providing standards for encryption and authentication of users. Encryption key is kept in mobile equipment as well as AUC to protect the network from unauthorized access. 6) Equipment Identity Register (EIR): All mobiles are identified using IMEI (International Mobile Equipment Identity) number which is written on the battery of the phone. EIR keeps the list of all valid IMEI number and whenever a call is initiated, the network checks the IMEI number and call is connected if the number is valid. No calls are allowed from unauthorized terminals. 7) GSM Interworking Unit (GIWU): GIWU is an element or a unit that is a combination of hardware and software and synchronizes the information. It lets the user to choose between message and speech mode by acting as an interface to different networks. Network Management System: The third element of GSM basically monitors the different elements and functions of the network. It performs the following main tasks: 1. Network Monitoring 2. Network Development 3. Network Measurement 4. Fault Management NMS continuously monitors the performance of the network to ensure it runs smoothly. The performance can be measured by collecting the data from the individual elements for analysis and storing it in the database. The network operator can then compare the data collected in the database with the one which was actually expected. If any fault occurs, the fault alarm is generated .These faults are then required to be corrected either by NMS or manually. Interfaces in GSM Different interfaces are used in GSM. These are Air , Abis and A interface.Air interface is an interface between Mobile station and Base Transreceiver Station (BTS),Abis connects Base Transreceiver Station (BTS) to Base Station Controller (BSC), and A interface is the one which is present between TCSM and MSC. GSM Architecture Value added services such as voice mail and short message services (sms) were added to GSM along with intelligent services like Pre-paid and fraud management. Later on, GPRS (General Packet Radio Services) was introduced so that packet switched data service could be provided. SGSN (Serving GPRS) and GGSN (Gateway GPRS) were new elements which were introduced in the existing system so that packets could be sent to air interface. IP routers, firewall servers and Domain name servers were also used along with these elements. Finally, to increase the data rate better coding methods were used. Third Generation Mobile System http://it.med.miami.edu/x1645.xml

Positive behaviour Essay

2. Be able to support positive behaviour 2.1 Describe the benefits of encouraging and rewarding positive behaviour: Rewarding positive behaviour comes with many benefits. The main benefit is that it encourages the child to behave in an acceptable way as they will want to receive the rewards for doing so such as stickers, or being able to choose a story/activity. With the children behaving in the correct way the atmosphere of the nursery is going to be much more pleasant and relaxed and allow the nursery assistants to teach and carry out activities effectively without any disruptions, meaning the children will be receiving high quality levels of education and care. This also relates to home atmosphere as well. If a child is being brought up in an encouraging and rewarding environment rather than one focused on punishments for bad behaviour the child is going to come to nursery and carry on with their good behaviour and know what is expected of them, and thus the consistency is imperative. Another benefit is that the children are learning from each other so by seeing a child being rewarded for good behaviour, it is going to make them want to behave in the same way so that they can also receive rewards. Children may try to use bad behaviour as a way to gain attention from their teachers so it is very important that you give them attention when they are behaving in the proper way, so that they learn to stop the bad behaviour as it will not give them the attention the want. By praising and encouraging the children, it will make the children feel good about themselves and become more confident and encourage them to work harder in the future.

Adolescence

Adult Development: Early passions and long-term development The Journey through infancy, childhood, and adolescence significantly impacts the development that takes place during a person's adulthood. There are many aspects in a person's early life that will carry on to further characterization and identity. Patterns and themes begin to evolve at a young stage in a person's life and they will often carry on to be their dominant characteristics. A dominant characteristic can often be an indication of what someone will be like upon full maturity or adulthood.This explains why it is often beneficial to research a person's personal background before Judging their future. Judging by my dominant characteristics during my childhood combined with the influence the people whom I am close to am I able to make educated guesses to what I will accomplish in the future. When reflecting on my childhood, I am reminded of the lessons I have learned and each on in its appropriate time. Upon my reflecti on, I have found that my passions during my younger days have developed into more matured ideas and dreams now.Theorist Erik Erikson contends, â€Å"each stage of life has its own psychosocial task, a crisis that needs resolution† (Myers, 2010, p. 196). During a person's life, their adolescence is vital in properly maturing. The mind of a youth is constantly questioning where they came from, what is their purpose, and who are they meant to be in the future. Erikson discusses the problems that may have already occurred before someone's years of adolescence: Trust vs. mistrust, autonomy vs. doubt, initiative vs. guilt, and industry vs. inferiority.If these problems are not addressed before adolescence it ay have a serious toll on that person's long-term future. I strongly believe that a child's environment will greatly influence the way they view both the world and themselves. â€Å"Some adolescence form their identity early, simply by adopting their parents' values and expect ations† (Myers, 2012, pg. 197). Without moral stability in their early years, it will not be able to provide a smooth transition from adolescence to adulthood. What enters the brain as a child has been shown to remain with who they will come to be in their matured character.If it is not stable, it will continue on n their life to more inner conflicts that Erikson presents: Intimacy vs. isolation, generativity vs. stagnation, and integrity vs. despair. It is beneficial for a person to learn the necessary lessons at the appropriate time rather than learning it throughout a different life phase where it may not come as easily. Throughout my childhood I had an ability to notice the injustice in the world yet have a deep desire to change it and pursue truth. I have been a dancer since the age of three.I competed at a very high level and I had achieved top rankings in the world hampionships by the time I was eleven. Over the years of my dancing career, the idea of constantly being J udged would scare me. As a young girl, I would cave under any pressure outside of the dance studio due to the slight chance that I would not be good enough. This has always led to me to wonder how others must feel. Do those who are less fortunate feel this way? From an early age I developed a heart for those who teel worthless. I was blessed to nave the confirmation ot those who loved me that they would support me no matter what I did.The influence that my parents had n me taught me that you must love someone for who they are and not what they do; I learned this lesson very early on and it has been extremely beneficial to my adolescent years. Regarding my future, I believe God has called me to be a youth justice lawyer. I want to be a voice to a young broken heart that feels as though they are only being Judged on their actions. I firmly believe that passion for troubled youth comes directly from my childhood heart to seek Justice, truth, and acceptance. Childhood neglect is a very large problem in todays households.

Analysis Of Voltaire s Candide - 964 Words

Candide is a French satire that was first published in 1759 by Voltaire, who was a philosopher during the Enlightenment Age. It is a story about a young man, Candide, who is a follower of Leibnizian optimism. Candide witnesses and experiences many hardships in the world that puts his life at risk and tests the strength of his beliefs. During Candide’s many adventures, he faces many historical events that Voltaire uses to simplify subtle philosophies and cultural traditions, by highlighting their many flaws. This essay will discuss the ways that the various context of settings work in a satirical literature. Throughout the story, Voltaire uses optimisms folly as his main satirical target. The characters Candide and his philosophy professor Pangloss are devoted followers of the Leibnizian teachings of optimism. They both maintain that, â€Å"everything is for the best in this best of all possible worlds†. (CITE). This idea is a simplified version of many philosophies from a number of Enlightenment philosophers, most notably Gottfried Wilhelm von Leibniz. To many of these thinkers, the presence of any evil in the world is a sign that God is not entirely good, or is not at all powerful. But, the idea of an imperfect God is irrational. These philosophers established that since God is perfect, the world he created must also be perfect, and that those who perceive the worlds imperfections simply to do not understand Gods grand plan. Since Voltaire doesn’t accept the idea of a perfectShow MoreRelatedAnalysis Of Voltaire s Candide 941 Words   |  4 PagesIn Candide, Voltaire introduces many different characters, some which represent the implementation of mockery and sarcasm. The role of Pangloss in particular embodies this portrayal of satire towards the Enlightenment. Voltaire uses his book to reflect his own critical view of the time period, mostly against those who were reluctant to change their methods of thinking. Much of this judgment is th rough the commentary of Pangloss, Candide’s tutor and the Baron’s philosopher, who seems to always haveRead MoreAnalysis Of Voltaire s Candide Essay1570 Words   |  7 PagesDavid E. Rojas Professor Ellen Cain History 1102, Section 201 25 September 2012 Voltaire. Candide. New York: Dover Publication, Inc, 1991. â€Å"Things cannot be otherwise than as they are; for all being created for an end, all is necessarily for the best end.† (p. 1) Of all the great things to come out of the enlightenment era Candide by Voltaire is perhaps the most interesting and entertaining in my opinion. In fact it so happens that it is one of the most popular and read classics of the time, oneRead MoreAnalysis Of Voltaire s Candide 1385 Words   |  6 Pages Describe the author’s style In Candide. Voltaire utilizes an expedient account stride that sections fleetly from scene to scene. duologue to activity. what s more, from area to area as the account advances. He other than utilizes references to the chronicled setting in which the book was composed. like Christopher Columbus and the new universe. epidemics and illnesses. what s more, El Dorado and insinuates the 7 Year s War. providing non simply a political yet adjacent to societal foundationRead MoreCommentary and Analysis of Voltaire ´s Candide536 Words   |  2 Pages Candide Voltaire’s Candide is a satirical fiction that was meant as both an insult and a criticism to the wealthy nobility and the Catholic Church. Voltaire, major voice during the Enlightenment period, had a wide spread influence from England and France to Russia. Candide was massively circulated throughout Europe. Voltaire used Candide to offer his opinion of what was wrong with society: being that the wealthy were ungrateful, selfish people and the church was a ruthless, maniacal super powerRead MoreVoltaires Use Of Distortion1620 Words   |  7 Pagesand Satire (H) Sept. 20, 2017 Candide Essay Prompt: In questioning the value of literary realism, Flannery O Connor writes: I am interested in making a good case for distortion because I am coming to believe that it is the only way to make people see. Following your study of Candide, write an essay in which you examine Voltaire’s use of distortion; how is he using it and to what extent does he succeed in â€Å"mak[ing] people see†? In other words, how did Voltaire incorporate distortion in orderRead More Literary Analysis of the Enlightenment Period and Romanticism1461 Words   |  6 PagesThere were similarities as well as very notable differences between the two. There were also two prominent voices that gained notoriety during each of these two periods. Voltaire is considered to be the pioneer of the power of reason and Rousseau is looked upon as a legendary figure of Nineteenth Century Romanticism. This analysis will evaluate the two eras, both writers and a literary piece. The Enlightenment Era gave way to an age of reasoning. During this time, the writers were regarded as philosophersRead MoreEssay on Voltaires Candide Character Analysis1426 Words   |  6 PagesVoltaires Candide Character Analysis Voltaires Candide seems to display a world of horror, one filled with floggings, rapes, robberies, unjust executions, disease, natural disasters, betrayals and cannibalism. Pangloss, the philosopher, has a constant optimistic view throughout the entire novel even despite all of the cruelty in the world. While looking back on the book I couldnt think of many characters that displayed admirable qualities. Even though Pangloss stuck to his views that everythingRead MoreEl Dorado s Candide : The Utopia That Wasn t. Candide1868 Words   |  8 PagesEl Dorado in Candide: The Utopia That Wasn t Candide was a novel published in 1759 by Francois-Marie Arouet, known best by the pseudonym â€Å"Voltaire†. It was written primarily to satirize German philosopher Gottfried Leibniz s â€Å"theodicy†, which was a philosophy Leibniz designed to explain why evil exists in the world. He maintained that we live in the â€Å"best of all possible worlds†, an idea Voltaire dismantled in Candide with biting attacks on philosophy, religion, politics, and social order. OneRead MoreComparing The Historical And Intellectual Circumstances Surrounding The Writing Of Two3390 Words   |  14 Pagesthrough the use of their characters and using critical analysis to determine whether each play was successful in its purpose. Dada was a movement born out of a pool of avant-garde artists, poets, writers and filmmakers that began in 1916 in Zurich, Switzerland. The first major anti-art movement’s home was established at the Cabaret Voltaire in Zurich and was appropriately named after Voltaire, an eighteenth century French satirist, whose play Candide mocked the absurdities and stupidities of his societyRead MoreLiterary Criticism : The Free Encyclopedia 7351 Words   |  30 Pagesnovel is sometimes used interchangeably with Bildungsroman, but its use is usually wider and less technical. The birth of the Bildungsroman is normally dated to the publication of Wilhelm Meister s Apprenticeship by Johann Wolfgang Goethe in 1795–96,[8] or, sometimes, to Christoph Martin Wieland s Geschichte des Agathon of 1767.[9] Although the Bildungsroman arose in Germany, it has had extensive influence first in Europe and later throughout the world. Thomas Carlyle translated Goethe’s novel